Ladies and gentlemen,
The Bar Association of Azerbaijan has – over the past 20 years – gone from bad to worse, and sadly today it is at its worst.
Professional associations of lawyers have a vital role to play in upholding professional standards and ethics, as is clearly set out in international standards. They protect their members from persecution and improper restrictions and infringements. They provide legal services to all who need them. And they cooperate with governmental and other institutions to further justice and the public interest.
This is not the case for the Bar Association of Azerbaijan.
The Azerbaijani government, through the Azerbaijani Bar Association, employs several methods to pressure human rights lawyers working on politically sensitive cases. It has established political bias in the admission process to the Bar, and suspended or disbarred human rights lawyers from the Azerbaijani Bar Association.
The result is that only a handful of human rights lawyers are allowed to defend the rights of Azerbaijanis in the courts.
The risk is that these developments will lead to the full elimination of Azerbaijani human rights lawyers from national courts, as well as from international cooperation such as work with the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights.
On top of this, the Azerbaijan Bar Association has shown inconsistency in upholding lawyers’ duty of confidentiality in cases involving human rights defenders.
- On admission to the Bar:
- New legislation entered into force in 2018 excludes practising lawyers who have not been admitted to the Bar from representing clients in Court. This has impeded effective and equal access to lawyers in Azerbaijan – something a State has to ensure.
- Until last year, many people were represented in local courts by lawyers that are not members of the Bar, and such non-Bar lawyers could also facilitate applications from Azerbaijan to the European Court of Human Rights.
- The situation changed dramatically in 2018 with the new law, and now only members of the Bar Association of Azerbaijan or close relatives can represent individuals in courts.
- Unfortunately, we have observed that admission to the Bar is not based on objective criteria, especially regarding well-known lawyers involved in the protection of human rights.
- In the recent case Annaghi Hajibeyli and Intigam Aliyev v. Azerbaijan, the European Court of Human Rights established that by refusing to grant access to the legal profession, the Bar Association wrongfully interfered with these lawyers’ freedom of expression.
According to Article 8 of the Law on the Bar, in order to be admitted to the Bar, a candidate must pass a qualification exam consisting of a written test and a verbal interview.
On 7 December 2017, a new composition of the Presidium of the Bar headed by the president, Anar Bagirov was formed. In January 2018, a new qualification exam started. First, a written test was held. As a result, only 607 out of 1873 candidates passed the first round. 9 members of the “Group of practising lawyers”, a group joining quite well-known opposition-minded lawyers who had earlier opposed the legislative changes regarding representation, were among the candidates. 8 out of 9 members of the group successfully passed the written test which certainly speaks in favour of the level of professionalism of the members of that group.
The second round – an oral exam resulted in 535 out of 607 candidates successfully passing it. However, none of the members of the “Group of Practicing Lawyers” passed that oral exam!
- On the termination of activities and other penalties for lawyers involved in the protection of human rights
In recent years, the European Court of Human Rights[1] has underlined Azerbaijan’s violations against civil activists and human right lawyers in a number of cases. Specifically, members of the Bar have been suspended or disbarred after defending prominent opposition politicians, human rights defenders, and independent journalists, especially when raising concerns about their clients’ conditions.
- Alaif Hasanov was expelled from the Bar Association in 2015. Alaif defended human rights defender Leyla Yunus and reported about physical and psychological pressure against her in jail. He was disbarred and convicted after voicing concerns about her safety and security. Despite his right to be readmitted to the Bar after passing an oral interview, his applications on this matter have been unsuccessful.
- Lawyer Yalchin Imanov was expelled from the Bar Association in November 2017 after reporting the torture of his client, a political prisoner. This was on the appeal of the acting head of the Penitentiary Service.
I was also subjected to a disciplinary measure. In December 2017, I went to prison to discuss with my client Mr. Ilgar Mammadov, a famous politician, about our legal position regarding the case before the European Court of Human Rights. I took only materials related to the issue, including a letter from the European Court. Officers reviewed all of the papers, despite my protest that they were not entitled to. Nevertheless, I allowed them to review the materials due to the fact that I remained the only defense lawyer of Mr Mammadov. My papers were taken away and we could not properly work on our legal position regarding the case.
My complaints to the Penitentiary Service and to the Bar Association asking them to remove obstacles of this nature remained unanswered. In June 2018, the Presidium of the Bar Association instituted disciplinary proceedings against me – relying on a letter from the Penitentiary Service stating that I had allegedly insulted the head of the prison and put pressure on officers in December 2017. It is probably not a coincidence that disciplinary proceedings were instituted when I also became a lawyer of Mr. Ali Kerimli, chairman of the largest opposition party in Azerbaijan.
Instead of supporting me, the Presidium reprimanded me in this case.
- On inconsistency by the Azerbaijan Bar Association in upholding lawyers’ duty of confidentiality.
Elchin Gambarov, a member of the Bar, began publishing fragments of his book about his former client, human rights defender Mrs. Leyla Yunus in 2017. The book is based on conversations between them and her letters. In a word, what is covered by the legal duty of confidentiality? In December 2017, Gambarov’s book was presented: Anar Bagirov, president of the Bar, attended this event and, having thanked Gambarov for “exposing” Yunus, described his conduct as one of a real lawyer and noted that the book did not contain any violations of legal ethics.
Gambarov was not expelled or reprimanded: he was complimented and is now a member of the Presidium of the Bar Association.
Professional associations of lawyers have a vital role to play in upholding professional standards and ethics, and governments should recognise and respect that all communications and consultations between lawyers and their clients within their professional relationship are confidential.
Based on this example and many others, how may we expect that professional guaranties and immunities of lawyers and human rights of their clients will be respected and observed in Azerbaijan?
Finally, a number of human rights lawyers have received only part of the compensation in respect of the cases they won in the European Court of Human Rights or not have been paid at all in relation to dozens of cases. Non-payment is often related to applications that are politically sensitive. At the end of 2018, Azerbaijan started paying certain amounts to certain lawyers, but the payments are selective and partial.
Recommendations:
- The Azerbaijani authorities should guarantee the independence of the Bar Association and implement judgements of the European Court of Human Rights that state the important role of lawyers and assert the independence of Bar Associations.
- The international community should raise cases of disbarred and disciplined lawyers on compliance with international standards and demand that authorities drop travel bans imposed on human rights lawyers, including on Asabali Mustafayev, Intigam Aliyev and Annagi Hajibeyli.
- The EU and the Council of Europe should stop or suspend cooperating with the Presidium of the Bar Association, as by doing so they provide support to its Chair. They should cooperate only with individual lawyers as long as the Bar is not acting independently.
[1]Jafarov v. AZERBAIJAN), (No 69981/14) Judgment, 17.03. 2016, ANNAGI HAJIBEYLI v. AZERBAIJAN) Application (No. 2204/11) JUDGMENT 22.10.2015, ALIYEV v. AZERBAIJAN), (No 68762/14 and 71200/14
For more information concerning the context around this statement, read Human Rights House Foundation’s article “Bias and disbarment leave handful of lawyers to take sensitive cases“.
Thumbnail photo: Human Rights House Foundation
